【高校英語】過去問攻略！大学入試センター試験 vol.896≪2019年第4問A≫

□--■--□--■--□--■--□--------------------------------------------◆ 　　【高校英語】過去問攻略！大学入試センター試験 vol.896 　　　　　　≪2019年第4問A≫　　月・水・土発行　　2020/6/24配信 ◆----------------------------------------□--■--□--■--□--■--□--■ 目次・・・■　問題　■　全文訳　■　解答・解説　■　語句　■　解答一覧 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ このメルマガでは、大学入試センター試験の問題を詳細に解説します。 ■　問題 第４問　次の問い(Ａ・Ｂ)に答えよ。 Ａ　次の文章はある説明文の一部である。この文章とグラフを読み、下の問い (問１～４)の[ 33 ]～[ 36 ]に入れるのに最も適当なものを、それぞれ下の {1}～{4}のうちから一つずつ選べ。 Art may reflect the ways people lived. Researchers have discussed how art portrays clothing and social settings. One study was conducted to determine if this idea could be extended to paintings featuring family meals. The results of this study might help illustrate why certain kinds of foods were painted. The researchers examined 140 paintings of family meals painted from the years 1500 to 2000. These came from five countries: the United States, France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands. The researchers examined each painting for the presence of 91 foods, with absence coded as 0 and presence coded as 1. For example, when one or more onions appeared in a painting, the researchers coded it as 1. Then they calculated the percentage of the paintings from these countries that included each food. Table 1 shows the percentage of paintings with selected foods. The researchers discussed several findings. First, some paintings from these countries included foods the researchers had expected. Shellfish were most common in the Netherlands' (Dutch) paintings, which was anticipated as nearly half of its border touches the sea. Second, some paintings did not include foods the researchers had expected. Shellfish and fish each appeared in less than 12% of the paintings from the United States, France, and Italy although large portions of these countries border oceans or seas. Chicken, a common food, seldom appeared in the paintings. Third, some paintings included foods the researcher had not expected. For example, among German paintings, 20% of them included shellfish although only 6% of the country touches the sea. Also, lemons were most common in paintings from the Netherlands, even though they do not grow there naturally. Table 1 [The Frequency of Selected Foods Shown in Paintings by Percentage] ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――― Item　　　　USA　　France　Germany　 Italy　　The Netherlands ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――― Apples　　 41.67　 35.29　　25.00　　36.00　　 8.11 Bread　　　29.17　 29.41　　40.00　　40.00　　62.16 Cheese　　 12.50　　5.88　　 5.00　　24.00　　13.51 Chicken　　0.00　　 0.00　　 0.00　　 4.00　　 2.70 Fish　　　 0.00　　11.76　　10.00　　 4.00　　13.51 Lemons　　 29.17　 20.59　　30.00　　16.00　　51.35 Onions　　 0.00　　 0.00　　 5.00　　20.00　　 0.00 Shellfish　4.17　　11.11　　20.00　　 4.00　　56.76 ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――― Comparing these results with previous research, the researchers concluded that food art does not necessarily portray actual life. The researchers offered some explanations for this. One explanations is that artists painted some foods to express their interest in the larger world. Another is that painters wanted to show their technique by painting more challenging foods. For example, the complexity of a lemon's surface and interior might explain its popularity, especially among Dutch artists. As other interpretations are possible, it is necessary to examine the paintings from different perspectives. These are the period in which the paintings were completed and the cultural associations of foods. Both issues will be taken up in the following sections.