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【高校英語】共通テストの英文解釈 vol.1140
≪2021年第1日程共通テスト第6問B≫ 2022/1/15配信
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今回は2021年第1日程共通テスト第6問Bを解説します。
■ 問題
第6問
B You are studying nutrition in heath class. You are going to read the
following passage from a textbook to learn more about various sweeteners.
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| Cake, candy, soft drinks--most of us love sweet things. In fact, |
|young people say "Sweet!" to mean something is "good" in English. When |
|we think of sweetness, we imagine ordinary white sugar from sugar cane |
|or sugar beet plants. Scientific discoveries, however, have changed the|
|world of sweeteners. We can now extract sugars from many other plants. |
|The most obvious example is corn. Corn is abundant, inexpensive, and |
|easy to process. High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is about 1.2 times |
|sweeter than regular sugar, but quite high in calories. Taking science |
|one step further, over the past 70 years scientists have developed a |
|wide variety of artificial sweeteners. |
| A recent US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
|concluded that 14.6% of the average American's energy intake is from |
|"added sugar," which refers to sugar that is not derived from whole |
|foods. A banana, for example, is a whole food, while a cookie contains |
|added sugar. More than half of added sugar calories are from sweetened |
|drinks and desserts. Lots of added sugar can have negative effects on |
|our bodies, including excessive weight gain and other health problems. |
|For this reason, many choose low-calorie substitutes for drinks, |
|snacks, and desserts. |
| Natural alternatives to white sugar include brown sugar, honey, and |
|maple syrup, but they also tend to be high in calories. Consequently, |
|alternative "low-calorie sweeteners" (LCSs), mostly artificial chemical|
|combinations, have become popular. The most common LCSs today are |
|aspartame, Ace-K, stevia, and sucralose. Not all LCSs are artificial-- |
|stevia comes from plant leaves. |
| Alternative sweeteners can be hard to use in cooking because some |
|cannot be heated and most are far sweeter than white sugar. Aspartame |
|and Ace-K are 200 times sweeter than sugar. Stevia is 300 times |
|sweeter, and sucralose has twice the sweetness of stevia. Some new |
|sweeteners are even more intense. A Japanese company recently developed|
|"Advantame," which is 20,000 times sweeter than sugar. Only a tiny |
|amount of this substance is required to sweeten something. |
| When choosing sweeteners, it is important to consider health issues. |
|Making desserts with lots of white sugar, for example, results in high-|
|calorie dishes that could lead to weight gain. There are those who |
|prefer LCSs for this very reason. Apart from calories, however, some |
|research links consuming artificial LCSs with various other health |
|concerns. Some LCSs contain strong chemicals suspected of causing |
|cancer, while other have been shown to affect memory and brain |
|development, so they can be dangerous, especially for young children, |
|pregnant women, and the elderly. There are a few relatively natural |
|alternative sweeteners, like xylitol and sorbitol, which are low in |
|calories. Unfortunately, these move through the body extremely slowly, |
|so consuming large amounts can cause stomach trouble. |
| When people want something sweet, even with all the information, it |
|is difficult for them to decide whether to stick to common higher |
|calorie sweeteners like sugar or to use LCSs. Many varieties of gum and|
|candy today contain one or more artificial sweeteners, nonetheless, |
|some people who would not put artificial sweeteners in hot drinks may |
|still buy such items. Individuals need to weigh the options and then |
|choose the sweeteners that best suit their needs and circumstances. |
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