【高校英語】共通テストの英文解釈 vol.1176≪2022年共通テスト第6問A≫和訳第１段落

□--■--□--■--□--■--□--------------------------------------------◆ 　　　【高校英語】共通テストの英文解釈 vol.1176 　　　　　　　≪2022年共通テスト第6問A≫　　　2022/4/9配信 ◆----------------------------------------□--■--□--■--□--■--□--■ 目次・・・■　問題　■　全文訳　■　解答・解説　■　語句　■　解答一覧 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 今回は2022年共通テスト第６問Ａを解説します。 ■　問題 第６問 Ａ　Your study group is learning about "how time of day affects people." You have found an article you want to share. Complete the summary notes for your next meeting. ┌―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――┐ ｜　　　　　　　[When Does the Day Begin for You?]　　　　　　　　　　　｜ ｜　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　｜ ｜　When asked "Are you a morning person?" some reply "No, I'm a night　｜ ｜owl." Such people can concentrate and create at night. At the other 　｜ ｜end of the clock, a well-known proverb claims: "The early bird catches｜ ｜the worm," which means that waking early is the way to get food, win　｜ ｜prizes, and reach goals. The lark is a morning singer, so early birds,｜ ｜the opposite of owls, are larks. Creatures active during the day are　｜ ｜"diurnal" and those emerging at night are "nocturnal."　　　　　　　　｜ ｜　Yet another proverb states: "Early to bed, early to rise makes a man｜ ｜healthy, wealthy, and wise." Larks may jump out of bed and welcome the｜ ｜morning with a big breakfast, while owls hit the snooze button, 　　　｜ ｜getting ready at the last minute, usually without breakfast. They may ｜ ｜have fewer meals, but they eat late in the day. Not exercising after　｜ ｜meals can cause weight gain. Perhaps larks are healthier. Owls must 　｜ ｜work or learn on the lark schedule. Most schooling occurs before 4:00 ｜ ｜p.m., so young larks may perform certain tasks better. Business deals ｜ ｜made early in the day may make some larks wealthier.　　　　　　　　　｜ ｜　What makes one person a lark and another an owl? One theory suggests｜ ｜preference for day or night has to do with time of birth. In 2010,　　｜ ｜Cleveland State University researchers found evidence that not only 　｜ ｜does a person's internal clock start at the moment of birth, but that ｜ ｜those born at night might have lifelong challenges performing during　｜ ｜daytime hours. Usually, their world experience begins with darkness.　｜ ｜Since traditional study time and office work happen in daylight, we 　｜ ｜assume that day begins in the morning. People asleep are not first in ｜ ｜line, and might miss chances.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ｜ ｜　Does everyone follow the system of beginning days in the morning? 　｜ ｜The Jewish people, an approximately 6,000-year-old religious group, 　｜ ｜believe a day is measured from sundown until the following sundown--　｜ ｜from eve to eve. Christians continue this tradition with Christmas　　｜ ｜Eve. The Chinese use their system of 12 animals not only to mark　　　｜ ｜years, but to separate each two-hour period of the day. The hour of 　｜ ｜the rat, the first period, is from 11:00 p.m. to 1:00 a.m. Chinese　　｜ ｜culture also begins the day at night. In other words, ancient customs ｜ ｜support how owls view time.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ｜ ｜　Research indicates owls are smarter and more creative. So, perhaps　｜ ｜larks are not always wiser! That is to say, larks win "healthy" and 　｜ ｜sometimes "wealthy," but they may lose "wise." In an early report,　　｜ ｜Richard D. Roberts and Patrick C. Kyllonen state that owls tend to be ｜ ｜more intelligent. A later, comprehensive study by Franzis Preckel, for｜ ｜which Roberts was one of the co-authors, came to the same conclusion. ｜ ｜It is not all good news for owls, though. Not only can schoolwork be a｜ ｜challenge, but they may miss daytime career opportunities and are more｜ ｜likely to enjoy the bad habits of "nightlife," playing at night while ｜ ｜larks sleep. Nightlife tends to be expensive. A University of 　　　　｜ ｜Barcelona study suggests larks are precise, seek perfection, and feel ｜ ｜little stress. Owls seek new adventures and exciting leisure　　　　　｜ ｜activities, yet they often have trouble relaxing.　　　　　　　　　　 ｜ ｜　Can people change? While the results are not all in, studies of 　　｜ ｜young adults seem to say no, we are hard-wired. So, as young people 　｜ ｜grow and acqire more freedom, they end up returning to their lark or　｜ ｜owl nature. However, concerns arise that this categorization may not　｜ ｜fit everyone. In addition to time of birth possibly being an　　　　　｜ ｜indication, a report published in Nature Communications suggests that ｜ ｜DNA may also affect our habits concerning time. Other works focus on　｜ ｜changes occurring in some people due to aging or illness. New research｜ ｜in this area appears all the time. A study of university students in　｜ ｜Russia suggests that there are six types, so owls and larks may not be｜ ｜the only birds around!　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　｜ └―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――┘