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【高校英語】共通テストの英文解釈 vol.1182
≪2022年共通テスト第6問A≫ 2022/4/23配信
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今回は2022年共通テスト第6問Aを解説します。
■ 問題
第6問
A Your study group is learning about "how time of day affects people."
You have found an article you want to share. Complete the summary notes
for your next meeting.
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| [When Does the Day Begin for You?] |
| |
| When asked "Are you a morning person?" some reply "No, I'm a night |
|owl." Such people can concentrate and create at night. At the other |
|end of the clock, a well-known proverb claims: "The early bird catches|
|the worm," which means that waking early is the way to get food, win |
|prizes, and reach goals. The lark is a morning singer, so early birds,|
|the opposite of owls, are larks. Creatures active during the day are |
|"diurnal" and those emerging at night are "nocturnal." |
| Yet another proverb states: "Early to bed, early to rise makes a man|
|healthy, wealthy, and wise." Larks may jump out of bed and welcome the|
|morning with a big breakfast, while owls hit the snooze button, |
|getting ready at the last minute, usually without breakfast. They may |
|have fewer meals, but they eat late in the day. Not exercising after |
|meals can cause weight gain. Perhaps larks are healthier. Owls must |
|work or learn on the lark schedule. Most schooling occurs before 4:00 |
|p.m., so young larks may perform certain tasks better. Business deals |
|made early in the day may make some larks wealthier. |
| What makes one person a lark and another an owl? One theory suggests|
|preference for day or night has to do with time of birth. In 2010, |
|Cleveland State University researchers found evidence that not only |
|does a person's internal clock start at the moment of birth, but that |
|those born at night might have lifelong challenges performing during |
|daytime hours. Usually, their world experience begins with darkness. |
|Since traditional study time and office work happen in daylight, we |
|assume that day begins in the morning. People asleep are not first in |
|line, and might miss chances. |
| Does everyone follow the system of beginning days in the morning? |
|The Jewish people, an approximately 6,000-year-old religious group, |
|believe a day is measured from sundown until the following sundown-- |
|from eve to eve. Christians continue this tradition with Christmas |
|Eve. The Chinese use their system of 12 animals not only to mark |
|years, but to separate each two-hour period of the day. The hour of |
|the rat, the first period, is from 11:00 p.m. to 1:00 a.m. Chinese |
|culture also begins the day at night. In other words, ancient customs |
|support how owls view time. |
| Research indicates owls are smarter and more creative. So, perhaps |
|larks are not always wiser! That is to say, larks win "healthy" and |
|sometimes "wealthy," but they may lose "wise." In an early report, |
|Richard D. Roberts and Patrick C. Kyllonen state that owls tend to be |
|more intelligent. A later, comprehensive study by Franzis Preckel, for|
|which Roberts was one of the co-authors, came to the same conclusion. |
|It is not all good news for owls, though. Not only can schoolwork be a|
|challenge, but they may miss daytime career opportunities and are more|
|likely to enjoy the bad habits of "nightlife," playing at night while |
|larks sleep. Nightlife tends to be expensive. A University of |
|Barcelona study suggests larks are precise, seek perfection, and feel |
|little stress. Owls seek new adventures and exciting leisure |
|activities, yet they often have trouble relaxing. |
| Can people change? While the results are not all in, studies of |
|young adults seem to say no, we are hard-wired. So, as young people |
|grow and acquire more freedom, they end up returning to their lark or |
|owl nature. However, concerns arise that this categorization may not |
|fit everyone. In addition to time of birth possibly being an |
|indication, a report published in Nature Communications suggests that |
|DNA may also affect our habits concerning time. Other works focus on |
|changes occurring in some people due to aging or illness. New research|
|in this area appears all the time. A study of university students in |
|Russia suggests that there are six types, so owls and larks may not be|
|the only birds around! |
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