【高校英語】共通テストの英文解釈 vol.1448≪2023年共通テスト追試第6問B≫

□--■--□--■--□--■--□--------------------------------------------◆ 　　　【高校英語】共通テストの英文解釈 vol.1448 　　　　　　　　≪2023年共通テスト追試第6問B≫　　　　　2024/1/3配信 ◆----------------------------------------□--■--□--■--□--■--□--■ 今回は2023年共通テスト追試第6問Bの内容を掲載します。 ■　問題 第６問Ｂ You are preparing a poster for an in-school presentation on a scientific discovery, using the following article. As you are reading this, you probably have a pencil in your hand. In the center of every pencil is something called "lead." This dark gray material is not actually lead (Pb), but a different substance, graphite. Graphite has been a major area of research for many years. It is made up of thin layers of carbon that can be easily separated. Indeed, it is this ease of separation that enables the pencil to write. As the pencil rubs against the paper, thin layers of carbon are pulled off the pencil lead and left on the paper as lines or writing. In 2004, two scientists, Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, were investigating graphite at the University of Manchester, in the UK. They were trying to see if they could obtain a very thin slice of graphite to study. Their goal was to get a slice of carbon which was between 10 and 100 layers thick. Even though their university laboratory had the latest scientific equipment, they made their incredible breakthrough — for what was later to become a Nobel Prize-winning discovery — with only a cheap roll of sticky tape. In a BBC News interview, Professor Geim described their technique. He said that the first step was to put sticky tape on a piece of graphite. Then, when the tape is pulled off, a flake of graphite will come off on the tape. Next, fold the tape in half, sticking the flake onto the other side of the tape. Then pull the tape apart to split the flake. You now have two flakes, roughly half as thick as before. Fold the tape together once more in a slightly different position to avoid having the flakes touch each other. Pull it apart again, and you will now have four thinner flakes than before. Repeat this procedure 10 or 20 times, and you're left with many very thin flakes attached to your tape. Finally, you dissolve the tape using chemicals so everything goes into a solution. Geim and Novoselov then looked at the solution, and were surprised to see that the thin flakes were flat and not rolled up ―― and even more surprised that the flakes were as thin as only 10 layers of graphite. As graphite conducts electricity, it was only a matter of weeks before they were studying whether these thin sheets could be used in computer chips. By 2005, they had succeeded in separating a single layer of graphite. As this does not exist naturally, this new material was given a new name: graphene. Graphene is only one atom thick, and perhaps the thinnest material in the universe. It is one of the few two-dimensional (2D) materials known, and forms a six-sided, honeycomb-patterned structure. In addition, it is possibly the lightest and strongest substance known on earth. It is also excellent at carrying electricity. In fact, at laboratory temperatures (20-25°C), graphene conducts electricity faster than any known substance. This has led to manufacturers investing in further research because graphene-based batteries could last three times longer and be charged five times faster than lithium-ion batteries. Graphene has been called a super-material because of its amazing properties. It is 1,000 times lighter than paper and close to being totally transparent. It allows 98% of light to pass through it while at the same time it is so dense that even one molecule of helium gas cannot pass through it. It can also convert light into electricity. It is 200 times stronger than steel by weight: So strong in fact, that if you could make a 1 m2 sheet of graphene, it would weigh less than a human hair and be strong enough to hold the weight of a cat. Quite simply, this material found in pencil lead has the potential to revolutionize the development of computer chips, rechargeable batteries, and strong, light-weight materials. Your presentation poster draft: Graphene Basic information [ 44 ] Graphene… A. is a 2D material. B. is a separated layer of graphite. C. is an extremely thin sheet of metal. D. is not a naturally occurring substance. E. looks like a sheet of wire mesh. F. was isolated without advanced equipment. How Geim and Novoselov separated graphite (5 steps) Step 1. Press sticky tape on graphite and remove. Step 2. Step 3. [ 45 ] Step 4. Step 5. Dissolve tape in a chemical solution and collect the flakes. The properties of graphene [ 46 ] [ 47 ] Future use [ 48 ]